Climate Change and Socioeconomic Development Relationship

Climate Change and Socioeconomic Development Relationship Climate change has been discussed since over 200 years ago but has only gained relevance and been taken seriously in the 1950s (Harding, 2007). As states come to realize the possible disastrous consequences of global climate change and attempt to tackle it by implementing certain policies, they are invariably confronted with a dilemma. To prioritise climate change, states would have to reduce their focus on socio-economic development, at least in the short run. Many are hesitant to do so for fear that intra-generational inequalities would be exacerbated (Heil Selden, 2001). However, we believe that climate change should in fact be prioritised over socio-economic development as climate mitigation enables both intra and inter-generational inequalities to be addressed concurrently. Conversely, we might not achieve the same if we were to prioritise socio-economic development over climate change. It has been argued that the only way to reduce income disparity is to promote further economic growth. Unfortunately, this single-minded focus on improving a country’s global economic standing has resulted in large disparities between the rich and poor, be it within or between nations. This is because rich countries can afford to invest in machinery and labour to increase output and seize market shares while poorer countries lose out in such comparative advantage. However by taking charge of climate change, this inequality can be alleviated. To start off, organic agriculture could be adopted as a climate mitigation strategy. The various farming systems used in organic agriculture can diversify income sources and reduce the susceptibilities of agriculture to impacts of diseases and climate change such as higher frequencies of droughts or flooding. Additionally, it is able to improve soil water absorption and retention capacity which reduces soil erosion. Consequently, less CO2 and N2O would be emitted from less soil erosion and the non-usage of harmful farming system inputs fertilisers and pesticides (Muller, 2009). This effort can be further supported by implementation of free-trade movements (Carter, 2007), which enables consumers to buy products directly from the producers in less developed countries. This eliminates cash flow to middlemen and allows smaller farms from less developed countries to earn higher incomes. Not only are we mitigating climate change by encouraging more environmentally friendly methods of farming, we are actually also allowing producers, who would otherwise be disadvantaged due to their inability to gain comparative advantage, sustain their business. Hence, tackling climate change would allow to address both climate change and socio-economic inequalities concurrently which we would not be able to achieve should we only focus on socio-economic development. Moreover, pursuing socio-economic development would become counterproductive if the consequences of climate change, which will hinder socio-economic development, are disregarded. One increasingly pronounced consequence is ocean acidification the uptake of carbon dioxide in the oceans. This phenomenon reduces shellfishes’ abilities to form their carbonated shells and subsequently lowers their survivability (Fabry et al, 2008; Holman et al, 2004). These adverse effects are subsequently translated to economic losses in our marine fisheries which rely heavily on the harvests of these commercially valuable marine organisms (Gazeau et al, 2007). In addition, these effects combined with global warming are damaging and bleaching the reef-building corals which are homes to remarkable numbers of marine animals (Phinney et al, 2006, Lumsden et al, 2007). With their disappearance, the productivities of fisheries are further reduced. For cities like New Bedford which depends greatly on fisheries revenues, the revenue losses would adversely alter its main economic activities and demographics, and worsen income disparities (Cooley and Doney, 2009) Coral reefs also provide coastal protection (Moberg and Folke, 1999) which buffer some of the highest global population densities and poorer populations located at the coastal regions from becoming environmental refugees of natural calamities (Shi and Singh, 2003). Moreover, severity and frequency of natural disasters such as droughts and floods have increased due to changing weather patterns, leaving Small island Developing states (SIDS) and least developed countries (LDCs) extremely susceptible to significant economic losses in productivity and expenditures in recovery (Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States, 2009). Furthermore, changes in rainfall patterns and temperature rise may also alter current land use for food crops, resulting in novel plant pathogen or pest problems. This could potentially reduce global food supplies (Cannon, 1998; Coakley et al., 1999; Parker Gilbert, 2004) and worsen famines in developing countries. The temperature rise also encourages the spread of malaria and other diseases resulting in dire health problems. Hence, the consequences of climate change would hinder nations from achieving socio-economic development if one does not approach socio-economic development with climate change in mind. By prioritising socio-economic development in the name of alleviating intra-generational inequalities, we are then ignoring another form of equally important inequality and it is none other than inter-generational inequalities. As moral and rational human beings, we have the capacity to plan ahead and empathise with others. Therefore, since we are able to foresee the possible future of our descendants and empathise with their plight, we should definitely act on climate change rather than simply consider fulfilling our own current wants and depriving them of their future needs. There is sufficient and strong evidence that the globe is facing severe depletion in energy-producing resources (Hartmann, 2004). Furthermore, our indiscriminate use of Earth’s resources is contributing to climate change at an alarming rate (Halsnaes, 1996). Humans residing in Europe and Asia began burning coal for consumption after they unearthed it approximately 900 years ago. This marked the start of humans’ use of ancient sunlight, which is stored energy during ancient times, or around 400 million years ago. Later, humans also unearthed oil and it exponentially increased our ability to sustain life and consume as compared to before, where we could only survive on current sunlight, that is, energy stored in plants (Hartmann, 2004). These discoveries are particularly significant for the human race as it is through the use of ancient sunlight to sustain life that we are able to alter the environment for our other uses. Since then, we have been able to produce more clothes and food. This is because a lot of land that should have been used to trap current sunlight has now been converted for other purposes such as mass growing of cotton and food crops. All of this would not have been possible if humans had not discovered ancient sunlight that they could tap on (Hartmann, 2004). Humans’ ability to sustain life grew dramatically and so did the human population in terms of its sheer number. According to Hartmann, â€Å"In less than a tenth of a percent of the total history of humanity, we have experienced over 90 percent of the total growth of the human population† (2004). However, these finite resources would one day be depleted. Sources unanimously agree that the oil supply is draining at an extreme rate. In 1996, oil industry experts predicted that we have only an â€Å"almost† 45-year-supply of oil left. Other experts in the industry are way less optimistic. Furthermore, due to accelerated population growth in the Asia’s developing countries, global energy demand is expected to double by 2020 (Hartmann, 2004). Should we lose this important source of energy, we risk having seven billion starve in the 2050 (Hartmann, 2004). This highlights how dire the situation is and how imperative it is for us to address the problem. If we were to simply prioritise socio-economic development, there is almost no incentive for us to reduce our use of these resources. On the contrary, we might end up devising methods to better tap on them to increase economic growth. However, should we decide to place climate change at the fore, we would inevitably have to reduce our oil and coal consumption since using them would only contribute to climate change (Le Quà ©rà © et al., 2012). In other words, we would be addressing two problems just by giving one attention. While it is true that intra-generational inequalities are severe at the moment, inter-generational inequalities would be as well if we fail to address the issue of depleting resources and climate change. It definitely would not be fair for us to leave a globe that our future generations would not be able to enjoy living in with all the devastating climatic conditions and lack of resources. Therefore, climate change should be prioritised over socio-economic development before it is too late for us to. Socio-economic development is undeniably an important goal for all nations. However, if we ignore climate change and continue to use our resources in an unsustainable manner, the potential destruction of the environment and depleted resources would prevent us from moving forward in achieving socio-economic development for the present and the future. It is hence essential that nations collaborate and commit themselves in mitigating climate change. As mentioned by Pew Center (2002), â€Å"Climate mitigation is not the goal, but rather an outgrowth of efforts driven by economic, security, or local environmental concerns.†

Pony Express :: essays research papers

Pony Express   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before 1860 it was virtually impossible to get a letter or other form of correspondence from St. Joseph Missouri to Sacramento California in less than 20 days. 20 days seemed entirely too long for the west coast merchants and bankers to wait for documents from the east. So three men, William Russell, Alexander Majors and William Waddell created the Pony Express. The Pony Express ensured fast and safe delivery of the mail.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To ensure the fast pace delivery of the mail, the Pony Express purchased 600 broncos, mostly thorough breads, mustangs, and morgans. Still the horses weren’t all needed. They also had to find men who would be able to handle the adverse weather conditions, Indians and be able to ride for 75 miles with out stopping. The riders were generally under 20 years of age and weighed no more than 120 pounds. They had to be excellent horsemen and have experience with guns. The Pony Express was a relay of mail running day and night.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On April 3rd, 1860, the first rider Johnny Fug headed west bound for Sacramento. Every rider road for 75 miles and they would switch horses every 10-15 miles. The very first letter traveled the 2,000-mile journey from St Joseph Missouri to Sacramento California in only 10 days to the hour of departure. This journey used 27 men and 133 horses. The Pony Express cut the normal 20 days of travel into 10 days, nearly cutting it in half.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the amazing delivery of mail in 10 days across 2,000-miles of prairie land, mountains and deserts led many people to use them. With the growth communication between the east and the west the Pony Express grew in popularity. The Pony Express proved that the central route through the U.S could be traveled all winter. It supported the cattle route for the Transcontinental Railroad to meet with the Union Pacific Railroad. Communications was kept open with California during the Civil War. The Pony Express was the fastest communication between the east and west until the telegraph. It captured the hearts and imagination of people all over the world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With all its success the Pony Express like all things suffered failures. Such as the owners spent $17,000, on the Pony Express and has a 2,000 deficit.

Rondell Data Corporation

The Rondell Data Corporation was founded in 1920 to manufacture the electrical testing devices invented by Bob Rondell. Over the years, Rondell built its reputation as a source of â€Å"high-quality, innovative designs†. Delays in releasing the new Model 802 wide-band modulator has begun to put that reputation at stake and caused increased pressure among production and engineering staff. (Daft, pg 531-538) Rondell operates with the functional structure (Daft, pg 107), that doesn’t appear to function effeciently. The Director of Engineering has seen high turnover having had a new leader each of the past three years.It appears that this position is been designated as the company â€Å"scapegoat† (McGinnis, 2009) and therefore being blamed for all the problems that Rondell is facing with releasing the 802 modulator. Rondell has failed in adapting to the changing environments (Daft, pg 149) that can keep the company moving in a forward direction. There is an appearan ce that the company’s departments still operate in their specific silo’s (BusinessDictionary). According to the Production Supervisor, Dave Schwab, â€Å"to be efficient, production has to be self-contained† and â€Å"other departments should be self-contained as well†. Daft, pg 537) As such, they do not share needed information across departments or assist in problem solving by offering solutions based on their department observations.A prime example lies in the opening portion of the case study in which Frank, the Director of Engineering services, received a message back that the model released for production â€Å"can’t be produced either†¦Ã¢â‚¬  . (Daft, pg 531). While the reader is not given the full content of the message, I was left with the assumption that it did not go much past what is shown. Ideally, the note would have contained information that said â€Å"this can’t be produced because†¦. however, if we try to†¦. †. Not only would the message relay the problem as to why the design couldn’t be produced, it might provide a direction for engineering to pursue. â€Å"People at the grassroots level are often able to see and interpret changes or problems sooner than managers†. (Daft, pg 151) Rondell continues to be mired in it’s past successes. The culture leaves it difficult for them to change based on the established view points of their leaders – the old timers. (Daft, pg 188). Doc wants to move at his own pace and to do â€Å"his own thing† (Daft, pg 532).He doesn’t feel the same pressure as his boss and doesn’t have a sense of accountability to the company. Frank Forbus was just the latest in the line of scapegoats to go through Rondell. Jim Kilman most likely would have been successful but the sense is Rondell is extremely reluctant to change. Rondell should research other organizational structures such as a horizontal structure (Daft , pg 125) which would promote team work and collaboration throughout the organization to stop the engineering revolving door and restore the company’s reputation.References BusinessDictionary. (n. d. ). Retrieved November 10, 2012, from BusinessDictionary. com: http://www. businessdictionary. com/definition/silo-mentality. html Daft, R. L. (2008). Organization Theory and Design (Vol. 10). South-Western Cengage Learning. McGinnis, A. (2009, November 24). The Scapegoat Theory; Are You or Someone You Know a Scapegoat. Retrieved November 10, 2012, from Yahoo Voices: http://voices. yahoo. com/the-scapegoat-theory-someone-know-a-4951510. html? cat=5

Discrimination Against Women and the History of CEDAW

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) is the key international agreement on womens human rights. The Convention was adopted by the United Nations in 1979. What Is CEDAW? CEDAW is an effort to eliminate discrimination against women by holding countries responsible for discrimination that takes place in their territory. A convention differs slightly from a treaty, but is also a written agreement among international entities. CEDAW can be thought of as an international bill of rights for women. The Convention acknowledges that persistent discrimination against women exists and urges member states to take action. Provisions of CEDAW include: States Parties, or signers, of the Convention shall take all appropriate measures to modify or abolish existing laws and practices that discriminate against women.States Parties shall suppress trafficking of women, exploitation, and prostitution.Women shall be able to vote in all elections on equal terms with men.Equal access to education, including in rural areas.Equal access to health care, financial transactions, and property rights. History of Womens Rights in the UN The U.N.s Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) had previously worked on the political rights of women and the minimum marriage age. Although the U.N. charter adopted in 1945 addresses human rights for all people, there was an argument that the various U.N. agreements about sex and gender equality were a piecemeal approach that failed to address discrimination against women overall. Growing Womens Rights Awareness During the 1960s, there was increased awareness around the world about the many ways women were subjected to discrimination. In 1963, the U.N. asked the CSW to prepare a declaration that would gather in one document all of the international standards regarding equal rights between men and women. The CSW produced a Declaration on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, adopted in 1967, but this Declaration was only a statement of political intent rather than a binding treaty. Five years later, in 1972, the General Assembly asked the CSW to consider working on a binding treaty. This led to a 1970s working group and eventually the 1979 Convention. Adoption of CEDAW The process of international rule-making can be slow. CEDAW was adopted by the General Assembly on December 18, 1979. It took legal effect in 1981, once it had been ratified by twenty member states (nation states, or countries). This Convention actually entered into force faster than any previous convention in U.N. history. The Convention has since been ratified by more than 180 countries. The only industrialized Western nation that has not ratified is the United States, which has led observers to question the U.S. commitment to international human rights. How CEDAW Has Helped Womens Rights In theory, once States Parties ratify CEDAW, they enact legislation and other measures to protect womens rights. Naturally, this is not foolproof, but the Convention is a binding legal agreement that helps with accountability. The United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) cites many CEDAW success stories, including: Austria implemented CEDAW committee recommendations about protecting women from spousal violence.The High Court of Bangladesh prohibited sexual harassment, drawing on CEDAWs employment equality statements.In Colombia, a court overturning a total ban on abortion cited CEDAW and acknowledged reproductive rights as human rights.Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have revised land ownership processes to ensure equal rights and meet the standards in the Convention.

Why the Cold War developed by 1949 Essay - 865 Words

By 1949, the Cold War had developed in many ways since 1945. The most significant factor to the development of the Cold War since the end of World War II, was the building of the Iron Curtain in 1946 which divided the communists countries of Eastern Europe from the non-communist countries of the West and considerably contributed to the hostilities between the West and the USSR. Other reasons why Cold War had developed by was because of the different ideology to begin with, the Marshall Plan and Truman Doctrine, the Berlin Blockade, the sphere of influence and the NATO, which united the Western powers. The most important reason why the Cold War had developed by 1949 was because of the building of the Iron Curtain, which divided the†¦show more content†¦The making of the Marshall Plan, lead to Stalin setting up ?Cominform? to try and strengthen Communism in Europe and to co-ordinate Communist parties. Stalin also stopped any countries from accepting the Marshall aid, and so the Truman Doctrine became very significant in developing the divide of Eastern and Western Europe. The Cold War is known to be about the two opposing sides, using one-upmanship on each other, and so the making of the Truman Doctrine demonstrates the sides retaliating to each others? actions, without fighting or disarming each other. Towards the end of the period of 1945 to 1949, the Berlin Blockade was planned by Stalin who felt threatened by the prosperity of West Germany and the uniting of the three other sectors of Germany (USA, France and Britain). He put his troops all the way around Berlin to stop people from entering and leaving the city and cut two million Berliners off. As the Cold War was not about fighting, because of the introduction of atomic bombs, the west found alternative methods to help the people inside Berlin who were cut off. They flew 8000 tonnes of food into Berlin every day, by plane, which landed and flew off every 90 seconds. In response, the Soviet fighters did not try and shoot the planes down, but did all they could to try and stop them, by distracting them with other planes in the sky. This developed the Cold War,Show MoreRelatedHistory Essay. Expansionism779 Words   |  4 PagesHow far do you agree with the view that the development of the Cold War in the years 1945-48 owed more to soviet expansionism than to the USA’s economic interests? Many historians argue that the development of the cold war in the years 1945-48 owed more to soviet expansionism than to the USA’s economic interests. Source 7 supports this view to an extent as it argues that the USSR ‘tightened its grip over the countries of central and eastern Europe’ and how the ‘western attitudes had hardened’Read MoreWhy do states seek to acquire nuclear weapons? Millions of people round the globe are wondering why1100 Words   |  5 Pages Why do states seek to acquire nuclear weapons? Millions of people round the globe are wondering why some nations acquired and acquiring nuclear weapons. Since during the epoch of world II, nuclear weapons have been in existence and has been used by the United States in August, 1945, against the nation of Japan. Similarly, it is one of the central issue and controversial topic for the international security when it was developed and especially in this present time. 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Before this event, no one had truly considered the potential damage nuclear weapons could cause, but only realized the consequences as war became a possible reality. During those crucial 13 days, John Kennedy and his administrators crafted and developed solutions that would ultimately save the United States and the world from a nuclear holocaust. During the Cuban Missile crisis, John F. Kennedy was forced to make many difficult decisions onRead MoreCompetition Is The Driving Factor Of Technological Innovations1440 Words   |  6 Pagesreason why we have varieties in products qualities. In other words the claim is that if Apple was not in the market, Microsoft would not have been what it is today. The same argument goes for cellular phones claiming that if there has not been a Samsung S5 there would not have been an iphone 6. In a more historical context the Manhattan project would have not been in place if it wasn’t for the war and Germany trying to produce the nuclear bomb. In later years the competition in the cold war era wouldRead MoreCauses Of The Cold War1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War, a conflict between the United States and Soviet Union, the two global superpowers at the time. Given the name â€Å"Cold War† only for the fact that neither the Soviet Union nor the United States fought directly with one another, instead the war was waged through allies in the form of proxy wars and through increased use of intensive espionage, a never-ending arms race, immense technological competition and on a political forefront as both sides tried to gain the upper hand. The Cold WarRead MoreWar Is A Very Traffic And Devastating Event That Not Only1637 Words   |  7 PagesWar is a very traffic and devastating event that not only affects those directly involved with the fight but also the rest of the population sitting and waiting back in their homes. The idea of war such as the Cold War being associated with Dr.Suess s, The Butter Battle Book, should not be the focus of a children s book. People like Joseph Stalin and events such as the creation of missiles and bombs and the cuban missile crisis played a significant role in the Cold War. Joseph Stalin was a powerful

The Importance Of Protecting Businesses By Using Patents,...

â€Å"You shall not steal, nor deal falsely, nor lie to one another† Leviticus 19:11 (Dake’s Annontated Reference Bible) is the basic principle of life as well business. Everyone understands what stealing means, but forgets you are stealing when you take a business’s logo, name, trademark, or identity. Stealing does not have to be a physical object that belongs to a business. It can be something that they have created such as a song or product. This paper will talk about the importance of protecting businesses by using patents, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and businesses property rights. Patents The United States Patent Office is where companies or individuals can file documents to obtain a legal monopoly for a product or process that they have created (Jennings, 2015). Three types of patents include utility or machines lasting 20 years, the design, or production that lasts 14 years, and plant that lasts 20 years. Because of the race to be the first person to invent or create a product the America Invents Act (AIA) came about in 2011. This allowed Americans to compete with other countries that had filed before them as well as increase the patent process from 3 to 4 years to 12 months. A patent holder has the right to solely profit from the patent. If someone steals the idea the individual has created then they have done a patent infringement. This entitles the patent holder to damages and legal action against the party that stole the idea. In order for aShow MoreRelatedIntellectual Property And The Copyright Act Of 19761688 Words   |  7 PagesIntellectual property represents ideas created by minds of humans that require certain rights for their use. Intellectual property gives companies a competitive advantage and attracts the attention of other business partners and investors (Lee, 2016). 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Intellectual property is divided into two kinds †¢ Copyright: ItRead MoreIntellectual Property Is The Legal Term2138 Words   |  9 PagesIntellectual property is the legal term that refers to the creation of minds, such as inventors, music, literature, artistic works, words, phrases, symbol and designs. Under intellectual property law, the owner of intellectual property is granted certain exclusive rights. Basically, Intellectual property is the term that refers to the creation of mind: inventions, literary and artistic work; names, symbol and images used in commerce, trade. Intellectual property is divided into two kinds †¢ Copyright: ItRead MoreIntellectual Property in Singapore Essay3319 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction to Intellectual property and various property laws in Singapore First of all, the definition of Intellectual property refers to the creation of mind, such as literary and artistic works, inventions, designs, names, symbols, logos and even images used in industries. Some example of Intellectual property are that business owners, they are given exclusive rights for the use of their trademark or even their identity, logo, which were originally established by them. Even for creative artistesRead MoreEstablish the Business in Totalitarian or Democratic System3405 Words   |  14 Pagespolitical system to be the ideal form of government that provides a stable business environment for international companies. The report will address why I agree with this statement and it will include all the supporting evidences from diverse countries using either of the political system. 1. Overview of democratic and totalitarian political systems Democratic political system is a system whereby the government leaders of a country are elected directly by a wide or broad participation of the populationRead MoreRole of Wto in Protecting Ipr3290 Words   |  14 PagesOrganization in Protecting Intellectual Property Rights Authors 1. Satyendra Narayan Singh Assistant Professor GNIT, Greater Noida. Mob. 9654151872 2. Alok Mohan Assistant Professor, RBMI, Greater Noida. Mob. 9717047774 Abstract Now a days protection of Intellectual Property Rights has become a very essential aspect for every country because so many Intellectual Properties are of national interest. Copyright, patents, trademarks, designs andRead MoreBarriers to Foreign Investment in the Chinese Internet Industry1675 Words   |  7 Pagesdistribution and poor enforcement of intellectual property laws. This article explains the barriers facing high-tech companies in China. [pic] Introduction | | China has the largest population and one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. If only one percent of its population participates in the New Economy, China will provide a market of more than 13 million potential customers for Internet businesses around the world. 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Prepare a short presentation (150 words) in which you explain: a. what types of companies participate in international business, and b. possible career opportunities from studying internationalRead MoreIp Strategy For Greentech Ltd2342 Words   |  10 PagesSummary Modern businesses cannot survive if they are unable to create, exploit, while at the same time ensure that Intellectual Property (IP) is protected; RD efforts would be compromised, as well. In addition to the expertise provided by professionals, it is nowadays important for organizations to have an IP strategy, or an IP portfolio management process that is aligned to their business processes (Shultz 1996). A clear Intellectual Property Strategy is of significant importance as an organization

Management Hierarchies Australian Hospitals â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Management Hierarchies Australian Hospitals? Answer: Introducation Human resource management plays most important role in health and social care as it is well-known fact that employees are the real asset of every company and its effective management leads to favorable results for the business. Further, all the operations carried out by the health care enterprise are most crucial as they have to render various services to the patients as per their needs(Bartram, Stanton, Leggat, Casimir, Fraser, 2007). Therefore, it is necessary to recruit right employees who have proper knowledge and skills for the betterment of the company. Apart from this, large numbers of challenges are faced by companies at the time of recruiting efficient workforce such as finding the skilled workforce, inappropriate recruitment strategies, etc. The present study carried out is based on Baxter International Inc which is an American healthcare company headquartered in Illinois. The company renders the wide range of services where the main focus is on treating diseases such as k idney, immunity disorder, hemophilia, acute medical conditions, etc. The entire report focuses on the challenges faced by Baxter at the time of recruiting new professionals along with other human resource issues. Challenges for recruiting workforce in organization Baxter International Inc carried out all the operations on the wider basis, and this is the main reason due to which company has to hire the workforce that posses right skills and knowledge. Further, it is a well-known fact that all the operations performed in healthcare organization are crucial and they need to be carried out properly(Alfes, Truss, Soane, Rees, Gatenby, 2013). This is the main reason due to which right talent has to be hired within the company. Baxter Inc. has to face a large number of challenges while satisfying its human resource need. The first main issue is finding the right talent as it becomes difficult to identify whether the person is fit for the position. The key requirement of the company is the professional who have high experience in the medical field and can treat different patients. So, at the time of searching for any new professional company focuses on recruiting the individual who have high experience. But sometimes individuals with high experience do not possess right skills, and this generally leads to unfavorable outcomes for the business(Boon, Paauwe, Boselie, Den Hartog, 2009). No doubt, the healthcare sector of Australia is competitive, and this is the main reason due to which every company is in search for the skilled workforce. In the hiring, process company has undertaken various stages such as every candidate who applies in Baxter for any specific position has to undergo examination through which knowledge and skill level is tested. So, this sometimes proves to be beneficial for the business. In case if the right talent is not available in the workplace then patients have to suffer a lot where right treatment is not delivered(Brewster Mayrhofer, 2012) to them. The absence of right talent negatively affects brand image of Baxter where sometimes patients does not prefer to access healthcare services of the company. Therefore, in this way finding right talent as per the bu siness need is the major challenge that influences overall productivity of the company. Another key human resource issue faced by Baxter Inc is labor supply and demand where it has been found that in Australia demand for skilled healthcare professionals is high but on the other hand supply on the basis of that is limited. The imbalance present in between demand and supply is regarded as the main hurdle. Baxter Inc. is in search for skilled employees but due to the presence of inappropriate supply company is unable to render effective services. No doubt large numbers of people are present who are not having the job but the level of skill employee required by the healthcare company is not available(Harris, Cortvriend, Hyde, 2007). In case if the proper supply of the knowledgeable employees is present then in such case the internal operations of the Baxter Inc can be carried out smoothly, and in turn, it acts as the development tool for the business. Baxter Inc. focuses on the treatment of diseases such as kidney, immunity disorder, hemophilia etc so in this case supply o f skilled professional who can treat these types of patients is limited in Australia. Further, at the time of hiring candidates within the workplace organizational image is considered to be most where the image of Baxter Inc. in the entire market is positive and due to this reason a large number of individual approach company at the time when the specific requirement is present(Leggat, Bartram, Stanton, 2011). But on the other hand, considering the high requirement of the business no individual is easily selected by the company. In short, Baxter Inc. strongly focuses on analyzing skill and knowledge level of the candidate who applies for any specific position in the company. In case if any candidate meets the requirement then only individual is given a chance to work otherwise not. Recruitment strategy is also another challenge for the business where Baxter Inc. has to design effective recruitment strategy for hiring the most suitable candidate. Different modes of recruitment are present that are mainly divided into internal and external. Considering the internal mode of recruitment Baxter Inc. satisfies its human resource need internally such as transferring professional from one department to another, hiring with the help of employee referral, etc(Myers Dreachslin, 2007). On the other hand, external sources of recruitment are also present where advertisement, educational institutions, former employees, etc. are the methods that are undertaken by Baxter Inc for hiring professionals. Generally, both the sources are undertaken by the healthcare company while recruiting any candidate, but they have not supported in satisfying its actual need. So, in this case, Baxter Inc has to search for some other alternatives so that skilled professionals can be hired for serving patients with different needs. Many times company has hired new employees with the help of advertisement, but this has to lead to unfavorable results for the firm as such staff members were not at all able to satisfy the business needs regarding serving pat ients(Rodwell Teo, Strategic HRM in for-profit and non-profit organizations in a knowledge-intensive industry: The same issues predict performance for both types of organization. , 2004). In order to understand the concept of recruitment in better manner different models are present, that involves contingency hiring, retained search, exclusive requirements, executive search and recruitment process outsourcing. In contingency hiring whenever any organization comes across any specific requirement then it gives to the consultant at the same time. In this method, there is no assurance given to recruiter regarding their salary(Stanton, Young, Bartram, Leggat, 2010). In retained search method the recruitment consultant works for specific business need, and the payment is given into two parts where the fixed amount is paid by the business for search activity. The exclusive requirement is another effective strategy where the company gives requirement to the recruitment agency and in this strategy recruiter assist the client to close specific position within the specific date(CiteHr, 2015). So, in this way, these are some of the well-known recruitment strategies that are empl oyed by the companies to satisfy their human resource need. Further, it depends on every organization which recruitment mode to select considering the entire cost and benefits associated with the every strategy(Vermeeren, Steijn, Tummers, Lankhaar, Poerstamper, Van Beek, 2014). Sometimes it is possible that company is not able to select appropriate recruitment strategy and the results derived from the same are not at all favorable for the company. Demographic issue is also critical that acts as hurdle at the time when Baxter Inc hires any new employee for any specific position(Townsend, Wilkinson, Bartram, Guest editors' note: Lifting the standards of practice and research?Hospitals and HRM., 2011). For instance, if healthcare company wants to hire the experienced professional of 4 years who lies in the age group of 35 to 45 for treating kidney patients. Then in such case challenge is faced when professionals lying under this age group are not present. Along with this professional of 60 years and above age are present who are about to reach in the retirement age so this acts as the main issue for the firm. Further, diversity is another major issue where at present the employees who are working in Baxter Inc are different form background in the form of culture, religion, preference, etc(Rodwell Teo, The influence of strategic HRM and sector on perceived performance in health services organizations, 2008). Therefore, managing diversified workforce is the main challenge for the healthcare company as their perception varies from each other and sometimes situation of conflict arises within the company such as at the time of taking decision, etc. Moreover, same is the case when new employee has to be hired in the company then the first challenge is to decide what type of professional is needed in terms of background, culture, etc(Townsend Wilkinson, Managing under pressure: HRM in hospitals, 2010). Generally new employee face lot of difficulties in adjusting to the internal environment of the company and sometimes high diversified workforce acts as challenge. Conclusion The entire study carried out has supported in knowing about the key challenges that are faced by Baxter Inc at the time of hiring new employees within the workplace. Further, the areas that act like the issue for the healthcare company involves recruitment strategy, finding the right talent, the demographic issue that involves age, diversified workforce, etc. It has the direct impact on the productivity of the company. No doubt Baxter Inc has to serve different type of patients as per their actual need, and due to this reason there is a need to hire skilled professionals within the workplace. On the basis of the conclusion there are some recommendations to the company and they are as follows: It is recommended to rely more on internal source of recruitment such as promoting the existing employees to higher level as it is reliable as compared with the outside source of recruitment. Through this motivation level of present employees can be enhanced easily For management of diversified workforce they must be encouraged to involve in the business at maximum level The best recruitment strategy is to post requirement on the website of the company and along with this company can take assistance of the large recruitment agencies that can assist in finding right talent In order to analyze the skill and knowledge level of the candidate company can redesign its interview system where different situations can be given to the candidate on which individual has to act. So, this can assist in knowing whether individual can serve different type of patients confidently or not. Further, main focus must on developing the present workforce of the company and their knowledge development can surely assist in serving different type of patients as per their real expectations. Company can take suggestions from its employees in relation with the best way to hire new candidate Approaching professionals who are working in other healthcare organization and offering them higher pay can surely support Baxter Inc to deal with the issue linked with the recruiting talent employees within the workplace. So, in this way, these are some of the suggestions through which Baxter Inc can surely deal with the issues that are faced at the time of recruiting new professionals and experts for serving the different type of patients in the workplace. References Alfes, K., Truss, C., Soane, E. C., Rees, C., Gatenby, M. (2013). The relationship between line manager behavior, perceived HRM practices, and individual performance: Examining the mediating role of engagement. Human resource management , 839-859. Bartram, T., Stanton, P., Leggat, S., Casimir, G., Fraser, B. (2007). Lost in translation: exploring the link between HRM and performance in healthcare. 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